On which planet does the year end before the day does?

Venus, where a sidereal day runs 243.0185 Earth days against an orbit of 224.70096. The year is shorter than the day by about 0.924 days. Radar penetrated the clouds in 1962 to measure it, and found the planet turning clockwise seen from the north pole, so the sun there rises in the west.

Venus orbits the Sun in the same direction as every other planet, taking 224.70096 Earth days for a full tour. Its orbital eccentricity is the lowest of any planet, at 0.007 against 0.0167 for Earth, so its orbit is the most circular, with an inclination to the ecliptic of about three and a half degrees.

Its spin was long a mystery. Astronomers could see small details in the atmosphere implying that the clouds circulated in about four days, opposite to the orbital direction, but the solid planet beneath them stayed hidden.

Radar settled it in 1962 by penetrating the clouds. The planet turns once in 243.0185 Earth days, clockwise as seen from the north pole, which is retrograde rotation. The sun there rises in the west, and the sidereal day outlasts the year by roughly 0.924 days.

The two clocks being so close reshapes the experience of a day there. The solar day is a little less than half the sidereal day, about 116 days and 18 hours. Days and nights each last almost two terrestrial months, though the thick atmosphere probably makes dusk and dawn very gradual.